Western cultural history is the history of the modern city. In the case of Spain, its social and economic development in recent centuries cannot be understood without stopping to think about the physical and social scenarios of these transformations. The course aims to take a tour of the modern Spanish city, focusing on its two most important cities: Barcelona and Madrid, without forgetting other cities of vital importance for the country. Both are containers of talent and creative effervescence, and have witnessed an extraordinary cultural fertility that has been reflected in the growth they experienced throughout their history, especially from the 18th century to the present.